Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine

Accurate dose prediction with deep learning technique in proton beam therapy (PBT) remains challenging due to steep dose gradients inherent to particle beams. Conventional models with pixel-wise loss functions yield over-smoothed predictions, and fixed dose g...

Manual verification of AI-based auto-contouring is labor-intensive and prone to fatigue-related errors. This study evaluated the feasibility of automated visual quality assessment using a multimodal large language model (LLM), Gemini 2.5 Flash, to assess its...