Poster Poster Program Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Physics

Synthetic Contrast Enhancement from Non‑Contrast CT for Improved Vascular Visualization In the Pediatric Abdomen Using a Sequential Slab-Based 3D Adversarial Diffusion Model

Abstract
Purpose

Accurate vascular visualization is essential for target delineation in pediatric radiotherapy, particularly for abdominal tumors such as Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma, where major vessels serve as key anatomical landmarks. Although contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) provides optimal depiction, iodinated contrast use and prolonged anesthesia may increase procedural complexity. We present a slab-based 3D diffusion model that synthesizes contrast enhancement from non-contrast CT (NCCT) to improve visualization of target-relevant vascular structures.

Methods

An image translation model was developed using a 3D denoising diffusion framework with an adversarial diffusion backbone. The network leverages adjacent slices with a four‑slice interval to capture inter‑slice continuity while reducing model complexity and accommodating variable slice counts typical of abdominal CT. The model is bidirectional, enabling synthesis of CT (SCECT) from NCCT and virtual NCCT from CECT. Performance was evaluated against a 2D adversarial diffusion image‑to‑image translation method using pediatric abdominal CT datasets (training n = 163, testing n = 10).

Results

Vascular regions of interest (ROIs), including major abdominal vessels and primary branches, were generated using subtraction images between CECT and NCCT, followed by manual refinement and a 2‑mm dilation to include surrounding tissue. The model significantly outperformed the 2D approach across abdominal vascular soft‑tissue ROIs (20–200 Hounsfield Unit, HU), demonstrating higher PSNR (40.7 ± 3.4 vs. 27.6 ± 2.1), and lower RMSE (3.4 ± 1.6 vs. 10.1 ± 4.7). Qualitative evaluation showed sharper vascular boundaries and improved slice‑to‑slice consistency. HU analysis within vascular ROIs demonstrated close agreement between SCECT and CECT, with mean values of 87.3 ± 31.0 and 93.1 ± 31.9, respectively.

Conclusion

The proposed adversarial diffusion approach preserves vascular anatomy and HU characteristics while synthesizing CECT from NCCT. This framework offers a practical and efficient strategy for generating vascular-rich synthetic images when CECT is limited or undesirable.

People

Related

Similar sessions

Poster Poster Program
Jul 19 · 07:00
B-Trac – Breast Tissue Rotation and Compression Apparatus for Calibration

Mammography (compressed 2D) and MRI (uncompressed 3D) capture breast tissue under different conditions, complicating tumor localization across modalities. To bridge this gap, we developed a customizable physical platform to simul...

Dayadna Hernandez Perez
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Physics 0 people interested
Poster Poster Program
Jul 19 · 07:00
Comprehensive Medical Physics Assessment of Digital Mammography Equipment: A Three-Year Multi-Site Evaluation of Technical Performance and Radiation Safety at 24 Saudi Arabian Healthcare Institutions (2022–2024)

To conduct a comprehensive multi-center audit evaluating the technical performance, image quality, and radiation safety of digital mammography systems across 24 unique healthcare facilities in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to est...

Sami Alshaikh, PhD
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Physics 0 people interested
Poster Poster Program
Jul 19 · 07:00
Starting Small: Implementing a CT Protocol Optimization Program

This talk describes our organization’s CT optimization program, and how we implemented it to make efficient use of limited physicist time.

Robert J. Cropp, PhD
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Physics 0 people interested