A Novel Non-Metallic Radio-Opaque Photographic Image Printing Approach for Clinical Applications In Radiology and Radiotherapy
Abstract
Purpose
This study presents a novel non-metallic radio-opaque human photographic image printing approach developed for clinical applications in radiology and radiotherapy, with clinical implementation in patients.
Methods
The proposed technique employs photographic image printing to fabricate customizable, non-metallic radio-opaque markers using biocompatible substrates embedded with radio-opaque materials. This method enables the printing of photographic human facial images that are directly visible on X-ray imaging, appearing as recognizable photographic representations within the radiographic image itself. The system also supports the creation of patient-specific images, QR codes, barcodes, radio-opaque scales, and evenly spaced line matrices with controlled spatial resolution. The printed markers were evaluated for X-ray and CT visibility, geometric accuracy, anatomical conformity, QR code reproducibility, and clinical usability in CT-guided biopsy, interventional radiology procedures, radiotherapy CT fiducial marking, and HDR liver implant applications. Clinical implementation was performed in 50 patients undergoing CT-guided biopsy.
Results
The printed radio-opaque photographic human images demonstrated high-contrast visibility on X-ray, Cath Lab, and CT imaging, with well-defined edges enabling accurate localization and spatial referencing. The non-metallic markers conformed effectively to complex anatomical surfaces and did not produce imaging artifacts commonly associated with conventional metallic markers. Clinical use demonstrated improved procedural flexibility, reduced dependence on pre-manufactured markers, and enhanced workflow efficiency through on-demand, in-house fabrication. During CT-guided biopsy, the markers facilitated accurate needle placement with a single puncture, reducing the need for multiple CT scans.
Conclusion
This novel non-metallic radio-opaque photographic image printing approach offers a flexible, biocompatible, and cost-effective alternative to traditional metallic markers for clinical radiology and HDR liver implant applications. The technique enhances procedural accuracy, reduces patient radiation exposure, and improves clinical workflow efficiency in image-guided interventions and HDR liver implant..