An Interactive Web-Based 3D Water Phantom Simulator for Teaching Dosimetry and Beam Data Acquisition
Abstract
Purpose
Hands-on training in absolute dosimetry and beam data acquisition is an important requirement in medical physics education, yet access to linear accelerators and water phantoms is often limited by clinical workload, and resource availability. The purpose of this work was to develop and evaluate a web-based, interactive 3D water phantom simulator that enables dosimetry education grounded in first principles.
Methods
A browser-based 3D water phantom simulation platform was developed using web technologies, requiring no software installation. The system provides virtual control of a linear accelerator, water phantom, electrometer, and scanning workflow, replicating the real dosimetry environment. Users can control beam energy, field size, dose rate, SSD, and monitor units. Three-dimensional ion chamber positioning is simulated with sub-millimeter resolution. In-plane, cross-plane, diagonal profiles, and depth-dose scans are supported for electron beams and for flattened and FFF photon beams. The platform was deployed for a limited period to medical physics trainees and trainers after a webinar-based demonstration.
Results
Learners were able to perform virtual dosimetry workflows, including chamber setup, beam scanning, and electrometer operation. Trainers reported that the simulation is useful for teaching and described it as an excellent teaching tool that will benefit students. Real-time visualization of depth-dose and beam profile curves improved conceptual understanding of beam characteristics and ionization chamber response. Feedback emphasized the educational value of the simulator and identified opportunities for improved clarity and functionality. Although feedback was from a limited number of participants, it provided actionable insights that suggested subsequent software enhancements, including clearer scan-direction visualization and enhanced electrometer behavior.
Conclusion
This web-based 3D water phantom simulator represents an innovative and scalable educational tool for teaching absolute dosimetry and beam data acquisition. Its interactive visualization, and ease of adoption support implementation across medical physics training programs, benefitting institutions with limited access to clinical accelerators.