Author profile
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center
Monte Carlo (MC) methods are widely used for proton therapy dose calculation due to their high physical accuracy, but their stochastic nature results in statistical noise and long computation times, particularly for high-resolution dose calculations and itera...
Proton LATTICE (pLATTICE) therapy delivers spatially heterogeneous dose distributions with high‑dose peaks embedded within low‑dose valleys. Conventional pLATTICE planning typically uses multiple beam angles per peak, making peak localization vulnerable to pr...
Spatially fractionated proton therapy enables spatial dose modulation that may improve normal tissue tolerance; however, generating controlled peak–valley dose patterns while maintaining adequate target coverage remains challenging. In particular, achieving c...